The sides of traverse are known is known as traverse legs. Surveying lec 10u4 traverse survey latitude, departure. To use theodolite, it is necessary to know about theodolite parts, types of theodolite and for what it is used wisely in the field. Theodolite surveying free download as powerpoint presentation. Surveying lab manual dronacharya group of institutions. Survey field procedures manual prepared by the division of. A theodolite works by combining optical plummets or plumb bobs, a spirit bubble level, and graduated circles to find vertical and horizontal angles in surveying. Fm 5233 types of traverse construction surveying makes use of two basic types of traverse open traverse and closed traverse. The theodolite is a most accurate surveying instrument mainly used for.
Here in we have gathered some pdf lectures on surveying. Traverse surveying is a popular method of surveying. The bestknown procedure for calculating land areas is. In a theodolite traverse, to directions measured with a theodolite. In general, chains are used to measure length and compass or theodolite are used to measure the direction of traverse lines. This article includes the definition of traverse surveying along with its classification, errors in traversing, checks, the completed method of traversing and plotting of traverse survey. In traversing with a compass free or loose needle method is employed to determine direction of. The traditional use has been for land surveying, but they are also used extensively for building and infrastructure construction, and some specialized applications such as meteorology and rocket launching. Theodolites how does a theodolite work theodolite vs. The site should be such that wellconditioned triangles can be obtained. When the theodolite is properly leveled, the compensator is free to bring. Traverse surveying definition, types, methods, checks. Theodolite survey article about theodolite survey by the.
Theodolite article about theodolite by the free dictionary. Doc introduction to theodolite farhan qasim academia. Theodolite surveying surveying geomatics free 30day. It starts at a point of known position and terminates at a point of unknown position. Aait, department of civil engineering 2 lecture note. Joining two while bearing and distance is known as traverse. Punmia, ashok kumar jain, arun kumar jain surveying vol. Theodolite traversing, purpose and principles of theodolite.
Offers dual displays and controls for easy accessibility and operation, very large backlit lcd characters for easy reading also, reduces eye strain and chance for errors, and a host of features and parameters normally found on much higher priced instruments. A traverse is a series of connected lines whose lengths and directions are to be measured and the process of surveying to find such measurements is known as traversing. Ce 104 practical surveying sessional lab manual ahsanullah. The spectra precision det2 digital electronic theodolite gives you accurate measurements in an affordable, versatile, easy to use platform. The sides of the traverse are usually laid out in level, solid places that are convenient for measurement. Taking azimuths underground clickpress, tue jul 16 2019 with the growing need for application in sightseeing, land measurements, navigation and outdoor sports, demand for theodolite has continued to gain momentum in. Digital electronic theodolite surveying equipment and. To survey an open field by chain survey in order to calculate the area of the open field. Least squares is an adjustment technique founded on wellaccepted principles of measurements and their errors and is regarded as superior to all other methods of adjustment. Theodolite traversing, purpose and principles of theodolite traversing 1. This instrument plays a major role in measurement horizontal angles, vertical angles, bearing, etc. Aug 17, 2016 theodolite traversing, purpose and principles of theodolite traversing 1. Theodolite surveying theodolite the theodolite is a most accurate surveying instrument mainly used for. Theodolite components of a theodolite introduction the theodolite is used to measure horizontal and vertical angles.
The theodolite helps us a good within the engineering field. Open traverse an open traverse figure 71 originates at a. The theodolite traverse is a system of broken lines in which the angles are measured by means of a theodolite. Oct 08, 2014 download fundamentals of surveying by s. Fieldworks covered in this manual include chain surveying, plane table surveying, theodolite traverse surveying, leveling, tacheometry, curve setting, house. Maps based on a theodolite survey are drawn up indoors, rather than outdoors, as in planetabling. Pdf this descriptive research focuses on the role of land surveying in the development of an. The site should be such that a minimum length of the base line as specified, is available. Theodolite survey application in height and distance measurements. A theodolite is a surveying instrument that dates back to the 16th century, and its used to measure horizontal and vertical angles. The role of the theodolite in traversing and detail surveys is fundamental to all surveying. Balancing the traverse is a procedure that distributes and apportions field.
Extensions of this procedure may be used to measure multiple angles from a. Sep 04, 2016 surveying lec 10u4 traverse survey latitude, departure, closed traverse by bharat kumar mahawar duration. Traversing is that type of survey in which a number of connected survey lines form the framework and the. It is a very important instrument in plane surveying. Surveying is a very important part of civil engineering. The first volume focuses on both the theoretical concepts and their practical applications. Surveying notes pdf book starts with the topics distance measurement conventions and methods, theodolite, description, uses, and adjustments. An optical plummet ensures the theodolite is placed as close to exactly vertical above the survey point. Pdf balancing the closed traverse in land surveying. It is a basic course for all universities for civil engineers.
Because of its various uses, the theodolite is sometimes known as universal instrument. Modern theodolites have a telescope that can be mounted to a swivel which can move both horizontally and vertically, and the crosshairs allow you to make accurate alignments with the target object. May 2005 surveying equipment, measurements and errors 3. Selection of traverse definition a traverse is a series of straight lines called traverse legs. It is not possible to check the consistence of angles and distance measurement. Traverse adjustment by the method of least squares allows precision estimation of the adjusted coordinates of traverse points as well as derived bearings and distances. These two devices were fundamentally equivalent and could accomplish basically the same task today, total station accomplish all the task much more efficiently than transits and theodolite in addition, it can observes distance accurately and quickly.
Homepage ace gate materials gate material surveying civil engineering ace engineering academy gate 2015 material free download pdf. Traverse computations are used to do the following. School of architecture, building and design bachelor of quantity surveying honours qsb18 site surveying field work report ii traverse survey august semester 2015 submission date. All surveying instrument spirit levels including those of the theodolite are con structed in a. Almost all surveying requires some calculations to. Theodolites, land surveying theodolites, land surveying. Theodolite traversing is a method of establishing control points, their position being determined by measuring the distances between the traverse stations which serve as control points and the angles subtended at the various stations by their adjacent stations.
Theodolite traversing 1 presented by siddiqui mohammed junaid assistant professor department of civil. Types of surveying on the basis of whether the curvature of the earth is taken into account or not, surveying can be divided into two main categories. Procedure for surveying the given open field closed traverse. The free banner site for the surveying and geomatics professionals and related businesses on the internet. Changing face it is the operation of bringing the vertical circle to the right of the observer,if originally it is to the left, and vice versa. The types of traverse and methods of traversing are. The two extremities of the base line should be inter visible. Chapter 3 surveying equipment, measurements and errors. Surveying traverse surveying traverse distance traverse methods of computing area a simple method that is useful for rough area estimates is a graphical method in this method, the traverse is plotted to scale on graph paper, and the number of squares inside the traverse are counted a d c b distance traverse methods of computing area a c.
We hope students all over the world will find it helpful. A traverse is developed by measuring the distance and. The application of coordinates for point location will also be covered in this topic which will be very useful in civil engineering project. The internal spirit level makes sure the device is level to to the horizon. The theodolite is a complex instrument used mainly for accurate measurement of horizontal and vertical angle up to 10 or 20 depending upon the least count of the instrument. Surveying lec 10u4 traverse survey latitude, departure, closed traverse by bharat kumar mahawar. Theodolite traverse survey surveying accuracy and precision. A surveying gyroscope coupled with a theodolite can now be used to orientate any underground baseline relative to true north. Theodolite traverse survey free download as word doc.
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